Bali artemedia imam bonjol biography

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Tuanku Imam Bonjol

Indonesian Islamic leader (–)

Tuanku Imam Bonjol ( &#; 6 November ), also known as Muhammad Syahab, Peto Syarif, and Malim Basa, was one of the most popular leaders of the Padri movement in Main Sumatra.

He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia.[1]

Biography

Tuanku Imam Bonjol was born in Bonjol, Pasaman, West Sumatra. His parents name were Bayanuddin (father) and Hamatun (mother).

His father is a Minangkabau cleric who came from Sungai Rimbang, Suliki, Limapuluh Koto.[2] His mother is an Algerian who has settled in Morocco and migrated to Bonjol with her brother.[3][4]

Syarif was immersed in Islamic studies as he grew up, studying first from his father and later under various other Muslim theologians.

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After founding the state of Bonjol, he became involved in the Adat-Padri controversy as a Padri commander. The Padri movement, which has been compared to the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah (Sunni) university of Islam in the now Saudi Arabia, was an strive to return the Islam of the area to the purity of its roots by removing local distortions like gambling, cockfighting, the use of opium and strong drink, tobacco, and so forth.

It also opposed the powerful role of women in the matrilinealMinangkabau culture. The Adat, or traditionalist, position was that local custom that pre-dated the arrival of Islam should also be respected and followed.

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Feeling their leaders position threatened, the traditionalists appealed to the Dutch for aid in their struggle against the Padris. At first, the Dutch were not able to triumph militarily against the Padris because their resources were stretched lean by the Diponegoro resistance in Java.

In , the Dutch signed the Masang Agreement finish hostilities with the state of Bonjol.

Subsequently, however, once the Diponegoro resistance was suppressed, the Dutch attacked the state of Pandai Sikat in a renewed effort to gain control of West Sumatra.

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Despite valiant fighting by the Indonesians (by this occasion the traditionalists had realised they didn't want to be dominated by the Dutch either and had joined forces with the Padris in their resistance), the overwhelming power of the Dutch military eventually prevailed.

Syarif was captured in but escaped after three months to continue the struggle from his tiny fortress in Bonjol.

After three years of siege, the Dutch finally managed to sack Bonjol on 16 August Through a negotiation ruse, the Dutch again captured Syarif and exiled him, first to Cianjur in West Java, then to Ambon, and later to Manado in Sulawesi.

He died on 6 November , at the age of 92 and is buried in Sulawesi. The site of his solemn is marked by a Minangkabau (West Sumatran) house.

Controversy over National Hero Title

Imam Bonjol and the Padri Movement have been accused of Wahhabism and of conducting crime against Batak people according to some Batak historians, specifically Mangaradja Onggang Parlindungan and international sources.[5][6][7] Some Batak historians argued that Imam Bonjol does not deserve the National Hero title because of his past actions and his ideological motives.

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Reports from Dutch colonial and Batak lore about the notoriety of Imam Bonjol's movement have been the source for almost a century of discussion among experts on the role of Imam Bonjol in the past.[6][7]

See also

References

  1. ^Tuanku Imam Bonjol Pahlawan Nasional,
  2. ^Muhammad Syamsu As, Ulama pembawa Islam di Indonesia dan sekitarnya, Lentera,
  3. ^Hadler, Jeffrey ().

    "A Historiography of Violence and the Secular State in Indonesia: Tuanku Imam Bondjol and the Uses of History". The Journal of Asian Studies. 67 (3): – doi/S ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;

  4. ^Sjafnir Aboe Nain, (), Tuanku Imam Bonjol: Sejarah Intelektual Islam di Minangkabau, , Universitas Michigan.
  5. ^"Gugatan Terhadap Kepahlawanan Tuanku Imam Bonjol"(PDF).

    (in Indonesian).

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    Archived(PDF) from the original on 31 August Retrieved 30 May

  6. ^ ab"Kontroversi Kepahlawanan Paderi Kembali Mengemuka". (in Indonesian). 22 January Retrieved 19 March
  7. ^ ab"Imajinasi Atas Makkah yang Memantik Perang Padri".

    (in Indonesian). 6 November Retrieved 19 March

External links